The Falkland Islands are an archipelago located in the South Atlantic Ocean on the shelf of the Patagonian Sea. This remote and windswept archipelago, comprising East Falkland, West Falkland, and approximately 776 smaller islands, lies about 480 km off the coast of Argentina. The islands, with a total land area of approximately 12,173 square kilometers, boast a rugged and varied landscape, characterized by rolling hills and rocky coastlines. The Falkland Islands' terrain is composed of ancient rocks, including granite, gneiss, and sandstone, which have been shaped by millions of years of erosion and weathering. The Falkland Islands' climate is classified as sub-Antarctic, with strong winds, low temperatures, and high humidity prevailing throughout the year. The Falkland Islands are home to a diverse range of flora and fauna, adapted to the harsh and windswept environment. The area is renowned for their vast colonies of seabirds, including the iconic Rockhopper Penguin, as well as a variety of shorebirds. The flightless Falkland Steamer Duck and the Cobb's Wren are the only endemic bird species of the Falkland Islands. Sea mammals like the Southern Elephant Seal and the South American Fur Seal, as well as various species of cetaceans, frequent the islands. The Falkland Islands played a significant role in the history of navigation and exploration, with the islands serving as a strategic outpost for British naval and mercantile interests. Today, the Falkland Islands are a self-governing British overseas territory, with a population of approximately 3,600 people, who maintain a strong cultural identity and a deep connection to the islands' unique environment and history.
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