Walruses
Walruses
Odobenidae
The Iconic Arctic Giants: Walruses (Odobenidae) are large, social marine mammals inhabiting the icy waters of the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas. They are easily recognized by their long tusks, whiskered faces, and massive bodies covered in thick, wrinkled skin. These tusks, present in both males and females, are elongated canine teeth used for defense, dominance displays, and aiding in hauling their heavy bodies onto ice. There are two subspecies of walrus: the Atlantic Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) and the Pacific Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). They differ slightly in size and geographic range, with the Pacific variety generally larger. Adult walruses can weigh up to 1,200 kg (2,600 lb) and measure up to 3.6 meters (12 ft) in length. Walruses are primarily benthic feeders, using their sensitive whiskers, called vibrissae, to locate clams and other shellfish on the ocean floor. They suck the soft bodies out of shells with impressive power. While capable swimmers, walruses prefer shallow waters near ice floes or coastlines, where they can rest and socialize in large, noisy groups called herds. Highly social animals, walruses communicate through grunts, bellows, and clashing tusks, especially during the breeding season. Males compete fiercely for females, and after mating, the females give birth to a single calf after a long gestation of about 15–16 months. Climate change poses the greatest threat to walruses, as melting sea ice reduces their resting and breeding habitats.