True Deer
True Deer
Cervidae
The Elegant Herbivores of Forests and Grasslands: True Deer (Cervidae) are a diverse group of hoofed mammals found across Europe, Asia, the Americas, and parts of North Africa. Known for their graceful appearance and antlers, which are unique to males in most species, deer play a key role in many ecosystems as herbivores and prey animals. There are about 55 recognized species of true deer, ranging from the tiny Northern Pudu (Pudu mephistophiles), standing just 32–35 cm (13–14 in) tall, to the majestic Moose (Alces alces), the largest deer species, reaching up to 2.1 m (7 ft) at the shoulder. Other well-known members include the Red Deer (Cervus elaphus), White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus), Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus), and Sika Deer (Cervus nippon). A defining feature of true deer is the presence of antlers, which are made of bone and shed and regrown annually. Antlers are primarily used in male-male competition during the breeding season. Females of most species lack antlers, though in Caribou (Rangifer tarandus), also known as Reindeer, both sexes have them. True deer inhabit a wide range of habitats, including forests, grasslands, mountains, and tundra. They are herbivorous, feeding on leaves, grasses, fruits, and twigs. Many species are highly adaptable and have thrived even in human-altered landscapes. Deer are social animals, often forming herds, though some species lead more solitary lives. Their keen senses of smell, hearing, and sight help them detect predators like wolves, big cats, and humans.