Oxpeckers
Oxpeckers
Buphagidae
The Tick-Eating Guardians of the Savanna: Oxpeckers (Buphagidae) are small, specialized birds found in sub-Saharan Africa, where they form unique symbiotic relationships with large mammals. Often seen perched on the backs of buffalo, rhinos, and giraffes, they feed on ticks, dead skin, and even blood from wounds, acting as both helpers and parasites. There are two species: the Red-billed Oxpecker (Buphagus erythrorhynchus) and the rarer Yellow-billed Oxpecker (Buphagus africanus). Both have strong, sharp claws for clinging onto their hosts and flattened bills adapted for plucking insects from fur. They also alert their hosts to approaching predators with their sharp, chattering calls. Despite their role in pest control, oxpeckers sometimes keep wounds open to feed on blood, which may slow healing. However, many large mammals tolerate their presence, benefiting from reduced parasite loads. Once declining due to habitat loss and pesticide use, oxpecker populations have rebounded in some areas. Their fascinating relationship with Africa’s megafauna makes them one of the most intriguing birds of the savanna.