The island state of Hawaii is located in the western United States, about 3,200 km from the US mainland in the Pacific Ocean. It is the only US state located outside North America, the only US state that is an archipelago, and the only tropical state. Hawaii is made up of 137 volcanic islands that form almost the entire Hawaiian archipelago. The 2400 km long state belongs physiographically and ethnically to the Polynesian sub-region of Oceania. Hawaiʻi is made up of eight main islands, running northwest to southeast, Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui and Hawaiʻi, from which the state takes its name. The latter is often referred to as the "Big Island" or "Hawaii Island" to prevent confusion with the state or the archipelago. The uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands form the majority of Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, which is the largest protected area in the United States and the world's fourth largest. The Hawaiian Islands were created by volcanic activity from an undersea magma source, the Hawaii hotspot. The island-building process continues today. The Hawaiian Islands are the most isolated archipelago on Earth, as they are the furthest from the nearest continental shore. The flora and fauna of the Hawaiian archipelago is the product of early, very rare colonization by incoming species and the slow evolution of these species over at least 5 million years. As a result, Hawaii is the home to many endemic species. Many areas of Hawaii are protected by the National Park Service and have two national parks: Haleakalā National Park near Kula on the island of Maui and Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the southeastern part of Hawaii Island.
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