Wrangel Island, along with nearby Herald Island, has been designated an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because it supports breeding colonies of many bird species, among them geese such as Brant, Cackling, Greater White-Fronted, Ross', and Snow Geese, as well as Snowy Owls. The island was home to the last surviving population of Woolly Mammoths, with radiocarbon dating suggesting the species lived on the island until around 4,000 years ago. Wrangel Island is home for Polar Bears - with the world's highest density of dens -, Bearded and Ringed Seals, walrus, Collared and East and West Siberian Lemmings, and it is an important source of food for terrestrial carnivores, namely the Arctic Fox, the wolverine and the wolf, which are also found on the island. Cetaceans like Arctic Bowhead Whales, migrating Gray Whales and belugas can be observed along the coast. In addition to its remarkable biodiversity, Wrangel Island is also known for its unique geological features. The island's terrain is characterized by rugged mountains, glaciers, and numerous rivers and streams. The island's coastlines are important nesting sites for seabirds such as puffins, guillemots, and kittiwakes. The island's harsh Arctic climate, with long, cold winters and short, cool summers, poses significant challenges for human exploration and habitation. However, despite these challenges, Wrangel Island has been inhabited by humans for thousands of years. Archaeological evidence suggests that the island was first inhabited by Paleo-Eskimo groups around 3,000 years ago, followed by the arrival of the Chukchi people in the 17th century.
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