The Socotra Archipelago is located in the northwest Indian Ocean near the Gulf of Aden, and consists of four islands and two rocky islets 250 kilometers long, forming an extension of the Horn of Africa. The area is of global significance for its biodiversity, with a very rich and distinctive flora and fauna: 37% of Socotra's 825 plant species, 90% of its reptile species and 95% of its land snail species are found nowhere else in the world. The area is also home to globally important populations of land and sea birds, with 192 species of birds, 44 of which nest on the islands, and 85 species of regularly migrating birds, including many threatened species. Socotra's marine life is also very varied, including 253 species of reef-building coral, around 730 species of coastal fish and 300 species of crabs, lobsters and shrimps. Socotra, which is the largest of the four islands, is very isolated and home to a large number of endemic species. As much as a third of its flora is endemic. It was described as "the most alien-looking place on Earth." The island is 132 kilometers long and 42 kilometers wide. Since 2008, Socotra has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Socotra is considered one of the most isolated landforms of continental origin on Earth. Once part of the Gondwana supercontinent, the archipelago was separated during the Miocene epoch, in the same rifting event series that created the Gulf of Aden to the northwest. The narrow coastal plain with its distinctive dunes shaped by the monsoon winds blowing over the three summer months. The wind picks up the coastal sand in a spiral, resulting in the snow-white sand dunes of Socotra.
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