Iran

Located in southwestern Asia, Iran is a mountainous, arid, and ethnically diverse country. Dating back to the Achaemenian period, which began in 550 BC, the country retains a rich and distinctive cultural and social continuity. This cultural heritage is deeply rooted in the Persian Empire's legacy, which once spanned from Greece to India, leaving an indelible mark on the region's history, art, architecture, and literature. Iran's cultural landscape is dotted with ancient ruins, majestic mosques, and picturesque gardens, showcasing the country's architectural prowess. The ancient city of Persepolis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a testament to the Achaemenid Empire's grandeur. Over one-tenth of the country is covered by forest. Five vegetation regions can be distinguished: Hyrcanian region, Turan region, Zagros region, Persian Gulf region and Arasbarani region. Iran's protected areas, including national parks, wildlife refuges, and protected landscapes, play a vital role in preserving the country's rich biodiversity. These areas provide a safe haven for a wide range of species, including the Asiatic Cheetah, Persian Leopard, and Iranian Wolf, as well as numerous bird species, such as pheasant, partridge, stork, eagle and falcon. In addition to their ecological significance, these protected areas also hold cultural and historical importance, with many featuring ancient monuments, archaeological sites, and traditional villages. The national parks, in particular, offer opportunities for eco-tourism, allowing visitors to explore Iran's natural beauty while promoting sustainable development and community engagement.