Czechia

Historically known as Bohemia, the Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country's strategic position has made it a significant cultural, economic, and political hub throughout history, with its capital city, Prague, being a prominent center of trade, education, and art. The Czech Republic's rich history dates back to the 9th century, when the Duchy of Bohemia was established. Over the centuries, the region has been shaped by various empires and dynasties, including the Habsburgs, the Luxembourg dynasty, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1918, following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Czechoslovak Republic was founded, and in 1993, it peacefully split into two separate countries: the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Today, the Czech Republic is a parliamentary democracy and a member of the European Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and the United Nations. The Czech Republic is renowned for its cultural heritage, including its stunning architecture, rich folk traditions, and world-class beer brewing industry. In addition, the country boasts a diverse range of landscapes, from the rolling hills and forests of Bohemia to the rugged mountains of Moravia and Silesia. The country is also dotted with numerous castles, châteaux, and historic towns, such as Kutná Hora, with its Gothic cathedral and medieval silver mining heritage, and Český Krumlov, with its picturesque castle and river Vltava. In addition to its cultural and historical attractions, the Czech Republic is also known for its natural beauty, with several national parks and protected areas, including the Krkonoše Mountains.